Police Brutality Use of Excessive Force Essay - 1243 Words

What is police brutality? Police brutality is an act of misconduct done by a member law enforcement through the use of an extreme amount of force to physically, mentally, or emotionally attack a member of society. Many law enforcement officers, those sworn to protect and serve, have abused their rights and authority to ferociously assault and manipulate citizens, even if they were innocent. Citizens who have been attacked have been left with physical and emotional scars that can never go away; in some cases, it has even caused death. In a report by David Packman, prepared for the Cato Institute in 2011, states that 247 deaths were linked to police misconduct cases.(Packman 2011) Many people believe that having evidence in a criminal†¦show more content†¦Jason Andersen’s partner, Minnesota State Trooper Craig Benz, did not believe it was a gun, but rather drug-related and actually contemplated going back to get the squad car, but after taking a couple second to decide, he continued the foot chase (Twincities). Jason Andersen was awarded the Medal of Valor for the incident by the department sergeant who said he â€Å"demonstrated obvious self-sacrifice in the face of death or great bodily harm to protect his own life, the life of his partner and the citizens of Minneapolis† (Twincities). The Medal of Valor may have been justified, but shooting Fong Lee and killing him was not. Less lethal force could have been used to subdue him, not 8-9 shots for a kill. Some people get a little bit luckier than Fong Lee. 30 year old Christopher Sean Harris was walking through an alleyway in the Belltown neighborhood of Seattle, Washington after his shift at Arnie’s Restaurant, having drinks at a nearby bar, and paying $60 to someone to drive him to Belltown on May 10, 2009 (Mother’s Day) when a woman mistakenly pointed him out to Deputy Matthew Paul as a man suspected involved in a bar fight that continued at a convenience store nearby (Seat tle Times). Matthew Paul and another deputy, whose name was not disclosed, were dressed in black fatigues and gave chase; it is unsure whether or not they identified themselves immediately as law enforcement or not during theShow MoreRelatedPolice Brutality : Use Of Excessive And Unnecessary Force By Police1536 Words   |  7 Pages Police brutality is the use of excessive and unnecessary force by police when dealing with civilians. Police brutality can be present in many ways. The most common form of police brutality is a physical form. Police officers can use nerve gas, batons, pepper spray, and guns in order to physically intimidate or even intentionally hurt civilians. Police brutality can also take the form of false arrests, verbal abuse, psychological intimidation, sexual abuse, police corruption, racial profilingRead MorePolice Brutality : Use Of Excessive And Unnecessary Force By Police1536 Words   |  7 Pages Police brutality is the use of excessive and unnecessary force by police when dealing with civilians. Police brutality can be present in many ways. The most common form of police brutality is a physical form. Police officers can use nerve gas, batons, pepper spray, and guns in order to physically intimidate or even intentionally hurt civilians. Police brutality can also take the form of false arrests, verbal abuse, psychological intimidation, sexual abuse, police corruption, racial profilingRead MoreFree Argumentative Essays : Police Brutality738 Words   |  3 Pages J Free Argumentative Essays: Police Brutality 777 Words 4 Pages Police Brutality Police work is dangerous. Sometimes police put in situations that excessive force is needed. But, because some officers use these extreme measures in situations when it is not, police brutality should be addressed. The use of excessive force may or may not be large problem, but it should be looked into by both the police and the public. For those people who feel racismRead MorePolice Brutality Essay747 Words   |  3 PagesPolice Brutality James Regas December 15, 1996 Outline Thesis: But, because some officers use these extreme measures when it is not needed, police brutality should be addressed. I. Police Brutality A. Racism as a cause II. Police Brutality is not a problem A. Quotes from authorities B. Statistics of Declining Brutality III. Stopping Police Brutality A. Police Stopping themselves Read MorePolice Brutality And The United States1479 Words   |  6 Pages Police Brutality in the United States University of Nebraska Kearney Colton Blankenship Abstract This research paper is an overview of police brutality in the United States. The paper covers what police brutality is and the definition. The information about police brutality is expanded about what is reasonable and excessive use of force an officer can use. Information is included about the thoughts of what the citizens feel about police brutality. Among the white andRead MorePolice Brutality Argument Paper1056 Words   |  5 PagesPolice work is a dangerous job, and police are more than likely to be put into situations when excessive force is needed.  But, sometimes police use excessive force for their own personal reasons, such as, racism. The issue of police officers using excessive force may or may not be of great concern, but it should be looked into by both the police and the public. Because some officers use excessive force in situations when it is not needed, police brutality should be addressed. Some may feel as ifRead MorePolice bruality essay for college class i guess1365 Words   |  6 PagesPolice Brutality Police brutality occurs daily across America. Police brutality can come in various forms, counting lethal and nonlethal force. Comprehending the exact commonness of police brutality is complex, because of the inconsistency in describing police brutality. The trouble in differentiating among justified and unjustified force. Police interactions often can be misconstrued, or sometimes turned around against an officer. Questionable behavior and complaints against officers can be filedRead MorePolice Brutality Racism1340 Words   |  6 PagesPolice brutality in America has been known to put fear in the lives of many Americans. Although police brutality is played out across all avenues of the media and many people see this happening, it yet does not change the fact that racism still exists in the justice system of America. People in positions of power yet have not done anything to rectify the situation and this has lead to the rise of â€Å"Black Lives Matter† movement. Numerous opportunities have been presented to officials to speak up aboutRead MorePolice Brutality : The Rights Of Every Man Essay1391 Words   |  6 Pagesthreatened.† Because police brutality exists within our society, citizen’s human and civil rights are being violated due to these circumstances. B. Background and Audience Relevancy: Throughout our nation, the views of citizens have drastically changed due to police brutality. Citizens are lacking the trust with in the police force because of the excessive or deadly force being used on fellow citizens. However, police brutality is defined as ‘the use of excessive physical force or verbal assaultRead MorePolice Brutality And Its Effects1173 Words   |  5 Pages Police Brutality There are two type of police brutality, verbal and physical. The first type of police brutality is verbal abuse which can happen anytime when the police officer is doing a routine traffic stop. Sexual comments is a form of verbal abuse. Another type of police brutality is physical. Police brutality is when law enforcement uses excessive force when dealing with a civilian. Excessive force means well beyond what would be necessary to handle to situation, you don t want to get

The Relevant Theories Of Leadership Styles And Will...

In this essay, I would like to discuss the relevant theories about leadership styles and will explore the key theories and models critically. Also, I will examine the Chinese, Indian and Turkish cultures represented in my group. In order to describe these cultures, appropriate cross-cultural models will be followed. Next, I will identify the key differences in terms of management style between these cultures and how these differences might have affected the leadership in the team. Finally, I will talk about the experience of being managed in the team. There are significant amount of literature being published across different disciplines to understand the leadership concept. According to Burns and Kelly (2012), there is no comprehensive and accepted theory after decades of research because of complexity of the subject. Therefore, there are many different definitions of leadership. Locke (1991) explains leadership as a process of convincing others to act towards a common goal. The evolution of leadership theories might have started in the nineteenth century with the term â€Å"great man†. As Kirkpatrick (1996) explained the leaders had traits like nobody else. Carlyle (1907) claimed that leaders have special traits of character and the exceptional personality eventually distinguish these people from the rest. However, according to Ronald (2014), one was advised to copy these special traits to become a leader which was unlikely to succeed by imitation. At the same time, the GreatShow MoreRelatedSituational Leadership Theory And Organizational Leadership1422 Words   |  6 PagesSituational Leadership Theory and Organizational Leadership Dwight D. Eisenhower said, â€Å"Leadership is the art of getting someone else to do something you want done because he wants to do it.† Leadership is the art of directing others in the pursuit of reaching a common goal or desired outcome. At the most essential level, a leader is a person who inspires, encourages and directs others toward fixed goals. Great leaders are able to motivate their team through the coaching, establishment, and settingRead MoreLeadership Analysis As An Art Is Critical In The Development1286 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership analysis as an art is critical in the development of the efficient skills relevant to management. The leadership is split into various psychological components for gross analysis that is essential in boosting the necessary skills. The analysis should take care of the social and cultural aspects encountered in the given context. All the subjects in the context must be considered for a non-bias analysis and overall conclusion on the state of leadership. Research has come up with variousRead MoreDetermine Leadership Style1390 Words   |  6 PagesDetermining Leadership Styles BD LDR/531 30 August 2010 Determining Leadership Styles One of the most important tasks any business leader must undertake is a personal assessment. An honest inventory of skills, strengths and weaknesses of a business leader can give insight into those areas that need improvement as well as those that can be acceptedRead MoreEssay on Annotated Bibliography: Leadership1362 Words   |  6 Pagesunsuccessful political leadership.  Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,  103(3), 489 -505. http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com.library.gcu.edu:2048/login.aspx?direct=truedb=pdhAN=2012-19403-001site=eds-livescope=site In this article the authors have conjectured up some features of the psychopathic condition (e.g., fearlessness, interpersonal dominance) which are adaptive in certain occupations, including leadership positions. The theory was tested in the 42Read MoreLeadership And Leadership Styles Than I Learned1645 Words   |  7 Pagesmore about leadership and leadership styles than I knew before I started my learning experience with LIB 100, LIB 341, MGT 345, LIB 312, LIB 380 and PA390. Most importantly, I learned a lot more about my own leadership style and how I’m perceived as a leader from my employees at work. I used the PA390 leadership assessment questionnaires and exercises with my team at work, their feedback and responses have helped me provide some insight and learn more about my leadership values and style. These exercisesRead MoreThe Concept Of God And Religion Essay1692 Words   |  7 Pagesconstructions. Greenleaf’s Servant leadership has been a popular philosoph y since the 1970s, but it has generally lacked a testable set of constructs. A step towards concretization of the philosophy occurred when Spears (1995) put forth his 10 aspects of servant leadership. Consequently, several researchers used his work as a foundation from which they were able to develop various models and instruments related to servant leadership. Yet more empirical research of servant leadership is needed at multiple levelsRead MoreOrganizational Structure Of A Global Economy1340 Words   |  6 Pagesthe backbone of those successful organizations can be broken-down into a few key characteristics. This paper will discuss these elements and how those characteristics help promote successful business in a global economy. There may be no one right way to create an effective organization, however, there are key components in which all effective and successful organizations will incorporate in some way. This paper will explore organizational structure in regards to a global economy, as well as, communicationRead MoreParticipative Leadership2189 Words   |  9 PagesQuestion Participative leadership style is always more effective than autocratic/directive leadership styles. Discuss. Executive Summary To say there has been an immense amount of research undertaken on the topic of leadership would be an understatement. The theoretical and empirical research on leadership in the workplace covers a diverse range of theory and there has been much critique and discussion of the theories to date. This paper review willRead MoreModels and Theories of Change Review1853 Words   |  8 PagesProject in Change Management Models and Theories of Change Review By: Carl V. Gibson Organizational Leadership and Change Management LDR/515 Mentor: Mr. Bruce W. Webb University of Phoenix Date: May 21, 2007 In the process of using models and theories of change review I have identify five different models or theories of change. Discuss the validity and utility of these models. Therefore in the development of my project I have come up with three models and two theories which will help me developRead MoreThe Ideal Qualities of a Leader Essay2619 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction Leadership is a topic that has been widely studied and worthy of great interest because of its impact on both individuals and society as a whole. Exactly what constitutes a strong leader is a topic of debate. The term may conjure images of victorious historical figureheads such as Julius Caesar or Genghis Khan, but more subtle examples are found in everyday life, wherever there is group activity. Studies have identified definite styles and theories which define good leadership in any capacity

Mastering English Language People of Sarawak

Question: Discuss about the Mastering English Language for People of Sarawak. Answer: Introduction Malaysian media has for many times throughout the last few years made public the poor condition of English as a language among the Sarawak students and especially University Students. The lack of proper knowledge of English has not only contributed to the poor employment rates but also created a situation where students are not able to use the language properly. Sarawak is one of the two islands of Borneo, Malaysia. The Sarawak state has a diverse ethnicity and also language. There are people from different cultures, ethnicities that live and work in Sarawak. After being under the influence of Japan and later allowed to self-govern itself, it was a powerful state in Malaysia. The Bruneian Malays and both the British and the Chinese have immense influence on the culture of Sarawak. (Company, 2003) The state has a high urban population which allows more growth and better education but there are not less than forty sub divisional ethnic groupings who exhibit their own culture and lifestyle as well. The main reason the English language has seen a steady decrease which has been highlighted many times in the recent years are a result of various reasons which include a lack of technical abilities, the bad attitude of teachers who are designated to teach the language, Inadequate knowledge of the language . Also some students have said that they face difficulty while shifting between the mediums and that the evaluation system is outdated.(Geertz, 2003). The issue is almost always associated with the process used by teachers to teach their students. The students are however another reason why students are not really interested in learning the language as well. The students own perception of how well they can learn the subject is another reason for the success or failure of the students to learn the language.(Kamaruddin, 2015). The different cultures and the different languages make English learning a tough matter for students of Sarawak. The main problem faced by the Student of Sarawak is the problem that they are not taught English from their lower classes which make them nervous while learning it in high school or at the university. Students fail to understand the teachings and are unable to understand the directions as well. The difference with the students who know English well enough and a Sarawak student is that they both might have the great knowledge but the Sarawak Student will find it harder to understand the directions as well as talk and reply back in English. While everyday work like taking a bus or the cab does not necessitate the need for learning English for a Sarawak student but being in a course that requires you to understand and evaluate matters in English will bring about a problem for the Sarawak student. Henceforth, owing to its debilitating outcome, the researchers felt a study examining aspects of learners affective Aspect such as anxiety on English language outcome would be of paramount benefit (Daud, 2005). Methods A fact that has been widely reported by the media is that the students of Malaysia are poor in English and that even the Malaysian Certificate of Education (SPM) has also explained that less students are getting certificates for English and the soft skills are indicating poor acquisition of English as a communicative language as well as employers reactions nationwide. Even the Minister of Education himself was baffled over continued poor standards of English in the country(Dumanig, 2012). Other than instructor related factors mentioned earlier, students attitude, limited exposure and opportunity to use English in their daily conversation also posed as deterrent from acquiring sufficient competency. It is also reported in more recent research that acquiring a new language is a difficult aspect of learning. The students are often seen to experience anxiety with language. The students also find that they are unable for learning or understanding the language. It used a newly self-develop ed questionnaire constructed primarily based on Youngs (1991) and Oxfords (1999) theory of potential sources of language anxiety. Since language anxiety can meddle with the securing, maintenance and creation of a language , the analysts trust better comprehension of how it sways on learning is urgent if students somehow managed to be turned out to be better English language users has been inspected by Horwitz et al. (1986) that remote or second language anxiety concerns execution assessment inside a scholarly and social setting, hence it is valuable to draw parallels amongst it and three related execution tensions, which are correspondence dread, test anxiety and trepidation of negative assessment. Albeit open worry, test anxiety and trepidation of negative assessment give valuable theoretical building squares to a portrayal of outside or second language anxiety, also different authors recommended that remote or even the second language increases anxiety among students. They conside red remote or second language anxiety as an unmistakable(Sarawak,Save , 2013) Results From the writing, various contributing components to anxiety in English language learning were distinguished. The components were classified into two primary builds, in particular individual (beginning inside or from inside an individual) and interpersonal (the connection between a person with others/his surroundings) variables. Things speaking to every builds were further separated into a few sub-develops. Notwithstanding decide the effect of distinguished variables on anxiety, the analysts were additionally intrigued to see whether there were different reasons for anxiety that were not found out some time recently. It can be said that both individual and interpersonal elements do add to language anxiety among the exploration members. It is to some degree shocking however that none of the meeting members resounded intensity as the reason for their anxiety(Sabah, 2014). A conceivable clarification is that they would not have any desire to be seen as making a decent attempt to measure up to others' standard. In any case, it was evident from their verbal reactions that absence of certainty has critical effect on their English competency. In the interim, the following two causal elements of anxiety were outer in nature(MohamadMahathir, 2010). Plainly verbal and composed associations amongst educator and students additionally make anxiety, especially when students are in perspective that the teachers anticipate that they will be capable in English. This situation turns out to be more basic if the educator is seen as having certain judgments on students. The connection between the problems of students because of language anxiety also proposes that there are numerous potential sources originating from the understudy, the teacher and the instructional methodology which have noteworthy effect to the second language learning. Subsequently, utilizing the discoveries blended from the works of Young (1991) and Oxford (1999), this present study has inferred five wellsprings of language anxiety that will be further examined, to be specific individual and interpersonal tensions, students' convictions about language learning, teacher students' connections, classroom techniques (i.e. exercises and techniques) and test anxiety while barring educator convictions on language gaining from the first rundown(Jumaat,Diterbitkan, 2015). In this manner, in developing the clarification of self-recognitions, convictions, feeling and practices further, Young (1991; as referred to in Ohata, 2005) proposes a widely inclusive rundown of the potential wellsprings of language anxiety through a survey of the writing about language anxiety. It is important to note that taking in, educator's convictions about language instructing, teacher students' cooperations, classroom methods, and language testing. Notwithstanding, Ohata (2005) included that the sources recorded by Young covers with Horwitz et al's. (1986) three execution tensions, to be specific correspondence trepidati on, apprehension of negative assessment and testing anxiety, however the classifications recorded by Young is still worth looking at in light of the fact that the sources are tending to other basic issues that may underlie or influence the arrangement of students' language anxiety(Suliman, 2014). The problems associated with the learning of English by students of Malay origin are their lack of grammar knowledge, the lack of feelings for learning. They also experience an extensive uneasy feeling for the uneasiness for the learning. The second language is required to be used for learning, which makes it important to learn it in depth without just learning for commutation purpose. There are personal factors which determine the feelings and apprehensions experienced by the students. The anxiety levels experienced by the students do depend on their social status their use of the language, their education etc. Their personal beliefs, attitude, motivation, and cognitive capacity etc are ma rked to be a basic factor determining the issues of language, just to name a few(Abdullah, 2015). In this context the examination of seeing whether a student is well equipped with the language requires the test of language from the listening, writing, reading and speaking point of views which in case makes it a problem for students to talk in English.(Wahid, 2000). Meanwhile, Rajab (2012) identified linguistic factor, cultural and the curricular content as possible contributing factors of reading anxiety(Rajab, 2012). Matt Daud (2005), on the other hand, found their student respondents suffered writing anxiety due to lack of writing skills. All in all, these researchers findings pointed to the fact. Then again, Oxford (1999) additionally proposed the reasons for language anxiety range from profoundly individual to procedural and records the accompanying reasons for language anxiety: self-regard, resilience of vagueness, danger taking, aggressiveness, social anxiety, test anxiety, ch aracter and social stun, convictions, classroom exercises and techniques, and educator students' cooperations. Taking into account the two specialists' study. The cross examination could have been done to see the similar experiences felt by the students. At the end of the day, this study may concentrate on language anxiety from the students' viewpoint(Chicago, 2013). The need is for students and teachers to take the study and teaching sessions free like conversation and make the students aware they are free to make mistakes and they wont be judged. There have been examinations and research to evaluate that many students feel extremely shy or anxious in using English in class and therefore skip using the language with the fear of making mistakes. The need is for students to open up and equip themselves with courage and use the language freely (Brown, 2001). Adopting a new language is never easy and it takes practice and consistent trials to get the aspects of the language right but w ithout trying anyone would be able to overcome the fear of making mistakes. It is the duty of the educators at college school and universities to keep extra guidance for students who are not well versed with using English. The anxiety issue among students is needed to be done so that they can participate freely and cross the language barrier. Kondo and Ling (2004) placed a typology of techniques that students use to adapt to the anxiety they involvement in English language classrooms. It can be said that taking some simple measures like taking a deep breath, making the mind calm and taking part with students who are facing similar difficulty. In any case, regularly language teachers can help students to ease or address language anxiety by making them more mindful of their own characteristics and additionally putting accentuation on other educator related measurements, for example, the teacher's identity, teacher students' cooperation, classroom environment and instructional techniqu es(Kamaruddin, 2015). Dialog A person can attain familiarity with a language through repeated association. For English the Malaysians depend on the administration and their education system to help them grasp the foreign language, but this type of approach works for a few, does not for the others. The more the Malays associate with others (Non-Malays) the more they become habituated with the use of English as a language of communication. For the ones who have not had the privilege or the means for association with other people, the newest Economic policy New Economic Policy (NEP) was created so that a group of English learnt people were created. (Cummins, 2015) Learning English can help the Students of Sarawak immensely. There are multiple benefits of learning English for the betterment of their future. A Sarawak student finds it hard to understand the directions and study materials written in English. Learning English properly will help reduce the difficulties faced by the Sarawak students to participate in studies and make out the meanings for them. For students, especially Sarawak students participating proactively in the lectures and discussions become a problem due to their hesitation to talk in English. So, they are left out of the conversations and feel deprived while participating in classes. Also while interacting with English speaking peers and seniors and even teachers the language creates difficulties. But all these problems can be rectified when the students of Sarawak can talk properly in English and learn English. The power of English knowledge will allow them to understand the conversations and participate without hesitation . Many students of Sarawak, despite knowing English are afraid to use it or talk in English since theyre hesitant that their English pronunciations might sound odd bad it can make them sound funny. They also fear that their peers will find it amusing and make fun of them. But if these students of Sarawak are given proper training and are given training on talking in English and using English for their conversations. Learning English can heighten their scope for employment and can give them the power to get employment at a leading company. Since all large scale multinational recruiters look form employees that are fluent in English for easy communication, it can be a plus point for students of Sarawak to know English. (University, 2014). Conclusion Students of Malaysia and Philippines experience large scale problems while using English. There has been various studies that confirm that the use of the mother tongue or national language is the best for the development of studies and as well as for usage in educational systems. But in terms of future usability and the socio economic value English scores much better over the national language. The global reach for English is higher and for their global reach and usability for connecting throughout the world. Both the countries have repeatedly assessed the importance of the development of English and the national language through early education to prepare students for higher studies in English. The usage of English in higher studies will provide the students with better scope for work globally. References Abdullah, N. (2015). Language Anxiety Among University Students. Journal of Education and Social Sciences, Vol. 1, , 9-15. Brown, D. H. (2001). Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy. New York: Longman. Chicago, U. o. (2013). The Illustrated London News, Volume 86. University of Chicago . Company, N. A. (2003). Official Export Guide. North American Publishing Company. Cummins, J. (2015). Language, Power and Pedagogy: Bilingual Children in the Crossfire. Language, Power and Pedagogy: Bilingual Children in the Crossfire. Daud, M. (2005). A nationwide comparative study between private and public university students soft skills. Asian Journal of University Education, 8-22. Dumanig, F. P. (2012). Competing Roles Of The National Language And English In Malaysia And The Philippines:Planning, Policy And USE. University of Malaya. Geertz, C. (2003). The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays. Basic Books. Jumaat,Diterbitkan. (2015). Aiming for roaring success in ACS. Retrieved August 22, 2016, from mohr.gov.my: www.mohr.gov.my/index.php/ms/component/content/archive?tmpl=componenttype=raw Kamaruddin, S. F. (2015). Language anxiety among university students: causal factors and coping strategies. Journal of Education and Social Sciences, 1-10. MohamadMahathir, D. ( 2010). The Malay Dilemma: With a New Preface. Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd. Rajab. (2012). A comparative study of engineering, medical and education students soft skills achievement in Malaysian public higher education institutions. Asian Journal of University Education, 8-22. Sabah, S. (2014, May 12). Evolution of the Malaysian education policy. Retrieved August 22, 2016, from wordpress.com: hornbillunleashed.wordpress.com/2013/05/15/45687/ Sarawak,Save . (2013, May 15). Evolution of the Malaysian education policy. Retrieved August 22, 2016, from hornbillunleashed.wordpress.com: hornbillunleashed.wordpress.com/2013/05/15/45687/ Suliman, A. (2014). The Interference of Mother Tongue/Native Language in Ones English Language Speech Production . International Journal of English and Education, 1-11. University, C. (2014). The Pall Mall Budget: Being a Weekly Collection of Articles Printed in the Pall Mall Gazette from Day to Day, with a Summary of News,. Cornell University. Wahid, M. a. (2000). 2008. Mastering the English language, Language Journal.

Shell Shock free essay sample

It is more commonly known as â€Å"Shellshock. † PTSD is an anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after traumatic experience (Myers, pp. 604-605). The term â€Å"Shellshock† was coined together by the British in 1914. At first shellshock was thought to be caused by soldiers being exposed to exploding shells. But doctors couldn’t find any physical damage to explain the symptoms. Medical staff started to realize that there were deeper causes. Doctors soon found that many men suffering the symptoms of shell shock without having even been in the front lines. Many soldiers found themselves re-living his experiences of combat long after the war had ended. Shell shock victims often couldnt eat or sleep, while others continued to suffer physical symptoms. Officers suffered some of the worst symptoms because they were called upon to repress their emotions to set an example for their men; due to this, war neurosis was four times higher among officers then among the regular soldiers (Shell Shock). We will write a custom essay sample on Shell Shock or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The epidemic was completely unexpected and by 1915 there was a shortage of hospital beds for the wounded in mind. Many county lunatic asylums, private mental institutions and disused spas were taken over and designated as hospitals for mental diseases and war neurosis. By 1918 there were over 20 such hospitals in the U. K. At first there was little sympathy for Shellshock victims. Shellshock was so obviously a retreat from the war that many military authorities refused to treat victims as disabled. Some even went so far as to say that they should be shot for malingering and cowardice. Others blamed it on a hereditary taint and careless recruiting procedures. A British General at the time said, â€Å"There can be no doubt that, other things being equal, the frequency of Shellshock in any unit is an index of its lack of discipline and loyalty. † This was a view shared by many and it made the burden of guilt for Shellshock victims even worse (Shellshock ). Shell shock victims found themselves at the mercy of the armed forces medical officers. Treatment was harsh and inhumane. Solitary confinement, disciplinary treatment, electric shock treatment, shaming and physical re-education, and emotional deprivation were used against the mentally ill. Some â€Å"lucky† soldiers were treated with a variety of cures including hypnosis, massage, rest and dietary treatments. Finally, Arthur Hurst, an army major, found a miracle cure for the victims of Shellshock. The cure? Hurst took the men to the peace and quiet of the rolling Devon countryside. The men toiled on the farm, and were encouraged to use their creative energies. By being humane and sympathetic, he was able to cure 90% of shell shocked soldiers in just one session. This was a miracle, considering over 40% of the casualties in fighting zones were victims of Shellshock and by the end of the war over 80,000 cases had passed through British Army medical facilities (Shell Shock). Today’s soldiers suffer from PTSD, but a cure is easier to receive, and most of them are completely cured afterwards. Once cured, they often achieve post-traumatic growth. Post-traumatic growth is positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises. Most men have an increases appreciation for life, more meaningful relationships, increased personal strength, changed priorities, and a richer spiritual life. Essentially, out of even our worst experiences, some good can come. (Myers, 2008) Works Cited Myers, D. G. (2008). Psychology, Ninth Edition. New York City: Worth Publishers. Shell Shock. (n. d. ). Retrieved March 14, 2013, from BBC: http://www. bbc. co. uk/insideout/southwest/series1/shell-shock. shtml Shellshock . (n. d. ). Retrieved March 14, 2013, from Sparticus Educational : http://www. spartacus. schoolnet. co. uk/FWWmental. htm |